George h



G. H. SMITH.

SEALED EDGED LAMINATED SHEET AND PROCESS 0F MAKING THE SAME.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT.. 23, 1914.

Patented Aug. 22, 1916.

r Z n keEoneE H. SMITH, or MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN, AssIGNoE To H. W. .IoHNsMANvxLLE COMPANY, 0F MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN, A CORPORATION 0F NEW YORK.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Aug. 22,1916.

v Application filed September 23, 1914. Serial N o. 863,080.

.Edged Laminated Sheets and Processes of Making the Same; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof, reference being had to` the accompanying drawings, and to the letters of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

and an improved artic of manufacture or provide an lmproyed This invention relates to an improved "process of making roofing paper or sheets of iexible fibrous material formed of a plurality of united layers or plies, or composition, whereby adhesive material in a plastic condition is interposed between the layers to be united, and pressure tending to press the sheets or p lies together is applied progressively from end to end thereoffand in such a manner that the longitudinal, marginal portions of the layers are subjected to' a greater degree of pressure than the portions of the layers located intermediate such longitudinal marginal portions, and whereby the longitudinal marginal portions are sealed, by preference, by means of such pressure and by being subjected to the action of Aheat during compression.

The principal object of the invention is to process for making sheets formed of a plurality of layers of sheet material adhesively .secured.. together,

sealed-edged sheet made in accordance with f such improved process.

Other and further objects of the invention will appear from the following desription and from an examination of the accompany- Y ing drawings which are madea part hereof.

The invention consists 1n the features, combinations, and details of construction of multi-layer sheets, and' in the process of manufacturing sheets formed of a luralityof layers or plies herein descri ed and claimed.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 `is a view in en'd elevation of a pair of compressionrolls provided with for introducing adhesive material een a plurality of layers or plies of sheetr-naterial to be`operated upon and fhaving a space between said rolls which is narrower at the 0pposite extremities of the rolls than at other points between the rolls; Fig. 2, a top or plan View of the .apparatus or,rolls shown in Fig. l, with a portion of one of the rolls and a roll-supporting frame-work and steam and water conduits shown in horizontal section; Fig. 3, an enlarged top or plan view of Ythe rolls shown in Figs. 1 and 2, with a portion of the rolls broken away and the supporting frame-work omitted; and F 4, a View in end elevation of a pair of compression rolls similar to those shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 3, provided with means for intro- /ducing adhesive material between more than two layers or plies of sheet material.

In makin a sheet of roofing paper or a sheet of iexible or fibrous material or com. position sheet comprising a plurality of layers adhesively secured together, in accordance with my invention and improvements, I provlde a plurality of plies or layers a and b, of

. flexible, fibrous, or sheet material. The layer or ply a may he of paper or similar fibrous or flexible material, and the vlayer or ply b `may be formed of'ibrous asbestos, or the sheet .which comprises a plurality of united plies or layers may be formed of any desired number of layers or plies of paper, fibrous asor vtar and asphalt, or other-similarzor suitable adhesive material, which, in aplastic or liquid condition, isapplied to the adjacent surfaces of the layers or plies to beadhesively secured together.

The layers or plies of sheet material are laid together and the'end portions thereof are inserted between parallel, approximately cylindrical, compression rolls, such as rolls d, in such a manner that theinner adjacent surfaces of the layers or 4plies are so held in contact as to prevent the adhesive materia'l from escaping from between the sheets or layers in a longitudinal direction or endwise'of the layers to lbe united. (See, Fig. l.) The layers are stretched in a position to extend upwardand outward at an ineline, or in oblique relation to each other, in opposite directlons from the point of convergence or contact of the layers or plies, so as to provide a V-shaped space between' such layers or'plies, adapted toad-mit the adhesive material which is introduced continuously between the layers simultaneously with the compressing of the layers together by the.

application of pressure progressively from end to end thereof. Pressure, by means of which the-layers or plies arc compressed together, is applied while the adhesive material, thus, by preference, continuously 1ntroduced between the layers or plies, is in a moist or plastic condition. The adhesive material and the layers or plies to be united are, by preference, subjected to a sufiiciently high degree of heat to maintain the adhesive material in plastic condition during the application of such pressure. The longitudi-` nal marginal portions of the layers are subjected to a greater degree of pressure, and are more closely and compactly compressed together than are the portions of the layers or sheets located intermediate such longitudinal marginal portions. This pressure on the longitudinal marginal portions of the layers to be united is sufficiently in excess of the pressure upon the portions of the layers located between such marginal portions to prevent the adhesive material from being squeezed or pressed outward laterally or protruding Jfrom between the longitudinal margins or edges of the layers or plies. The adhesive material is. in fact,` pressed inward toward the longitudinal center ot' the sheet or layers during the process of uniting the same. The longitudinal marginal portions or edges of the sheet, or oi' the layers or plies of which the sheet is formed. are thus secured and tightly sealed together in such a manner that the adhesive material is prevented from being deposited upon and from escaping to or projecting beyond the exterior of the sheet. The layers or plies are also subjected to the action of heat suiiicient to maintain the adhesive material in a plastic condition during compression. The heat is applied to the outside of the layers during the compression thereof, so that the ad hesive material is caused to thoroughlyT per meate the material of which the layers or plies are-formed. The marginal edges and the adhesive material between the tightly compressed longitudinal marginal portions or edges are thus caused to dry rapidly and the edges are tightly sealed together in such a manner that leakage or what is known as weeping or bleeding at the edges is prevented, and the sheet is rendered non-curling and is adapted to lie Hat and straight at its marginal edges and throughout its entire area. The marginal edges of the sheet are .not only even and straight and'free from protruding particles, but the sheet ythus formed ol a plurality of united layers is of substantially the same thickness throughout its entire area. instead of being of greater thickness at the longitudinal margins, as is the oase when the longitudinal marginal edges of the layers are subjected to only the same degree of pressure as the portions of the sheet located intermediate said longitudinal margins. The sheet being of substantially uniform thickness throughout, and having straight, tightly sealed, longitudinal edges, is free from crimps', waves, or

in accordance with my improved process andl invention, the layers or plies, with the adhesive material in plastic condition therebetween, are passed between rotary compression and heating rolls d of metal. Said rolls are journaled in a suitable supportig frame 6,013' any desired construction and having bearings f in which the axlesor journal portions of the rolls are adapted to rotate. The rolls` thus rotatively mounted in parallel relation to each other, are of hollow formation, so as to provide heating chambers z, therein, and a steam pipe c', which is eonnected with a suitable source of steam supply by means of a pipe or manifold j and pipe connections lc and l, extends into the hollow journaled portion g of each heating and compressing roll. The hollow, journaled portion is provided with a suitable packing m and has a packing gland 'or thimble a encircling the stationary steam pipe i and adapted to form a steam-tight connection while permitting rotation of the hollow, journaled portion and the roll with respect to the steam pipe.

A water outlet pipe or siphon 0 also extends into the heating chamber 71, of each roll, with its inner end p extending downward below the axial center of the roll and near to the bottom of the heating chamber in position to enable water to be drawn from the heating chamber, as indicated by Fig. 2. The pipe o is shown in the drawing so arranged that it extends through the pipe connection or manifold member le and longitudinally through the steam pipe z', thus y providing a very desirable and a more c ompact arrangement than would result from inserting the water pipe or siphon into the opposite end of the roll remote from the steam pipe.

It will be readily seen that any desired number of pairs of rolls may thus be rotatably mounted in parallel relation, and in position to admit and Compress a plurality of layers of sheet material therebetween, and the rolls are adapted to be operatively connected with a suitable source of power of any desired, ordinary or well known form, and to be driven or rotated at any desired speed, and so that the rolls will have the desired equal peripheral speed. One or more rolls of each pair of compressing and drying rolls is provided with an adjustable or sliding support g and adjusting mechanism,` such as an adjusting screw r, whereby such roll or rolls may be adjusted and securely held in any desired adjusted position with respect to the next adjacent roll, so that the rollsl of each pair are spaced apart and the width of the space between the rolls, and through which the layers or plies to be adhesively secured together are to pass, may be controlled and regulated or increased and diminished as desired. Each of the rolls is provided with a circular endwise projectingportion or hub s, which extends endwise or longitudinally of the roll beyond lthe main body portion thereof, and a retaining plate or end shield t, formed preferably of metal, is mounted at each end of eachA vpair of rolls.l Each of these plates or shields is' provided with a curved marginal edge portion u, as indicated in broken lines 1n Fig. 4, adapted to engage the adjacent circular peripheral surface portion c of the hub s of each of' the rolls, between the ends or hubs of which such plate extends. The plates or 'shields are in snug contact with the hubs and with the end surface portions w of the rolls from a point directly between or below the axial centers of the rolls to a point suiicienttly above the level of the axial centers of the rolls to prevent adhesive material in heated, plastic or.liquid condition fromlowing out'endwise of the rolls or from between the layers or plies of sheet material during the passage of said layers or plies, with Vthe interposed adhesiveV material, between the rolls, in the process of uniting and compressing and sealing lthe marginal edges of the layers or piles.

In practice the compression rolls of each pair are, by preference, mounted in such position that their axial centers are in the same, or approximately the same', horizontal plane and parallel, and the plates or shields .t are, by preference, of such diameter as to extend upward and outward from a point between the axial centers of the rolls, as already suggested, to or beyond the upper. or outer extremities of the hubs s. (See Figs. 1, 2 and 4.) Supply pipes y,

connected with a' suitable supply of adhesive" material by means of a manifold or. main supply pipe a, are mounted 1n posltlon to continuously supply and introduce adhesiveor .binding material ina liquidA or plastic condition between the layers or f plies of pressing and heating the material to. be operated upon.

The rolls d of each pair of compression and heating rolls are spaced apart, as already suggested, and are of such construction that the space 2 between the rolls, and through which the layers or plies to be united are to pass, is narrower at each longitudinal extremity of the rolls, at the points indicated by the numeral 5 in Figs. 2 and 3, than it. is at points between said extremities throughout the length of the rolls. In order to accomplish this in a simple and efficient manner, at least one of each pair of rolls d is provided at or near preferably both ends with axmargin-compressing annular shoulder or rim 3 of greater diameter than the cylindrical periphereal portion 4 of the main body of the roll or rolls and projecting peripherally beyond the cylindrical peripheral surface portion 4, or main body portion of the roll on which such rim or rims are formed. These peripherally projecting 'marginal portions or rims are, by preference, both on the same roll and at or near the opposite end margins or extremities of such roll, as shown in Figs. 2 and 3, and extend more' closely to the adjacent peripheral surface of the next adjacent roll than does the cylindrical surface portion or main body portion 4 of the roll on which the shoulders or rims are formed. The space between the parts 3 and the adjacent peripheral surface of the adjacent roll is, therefore, narrower than the space between the adjacent -cylindrical main body portions 4 ofthe rolls. The peripherally projecting parts or annular rims 3 are exaggerated as to height or extent to which they project peripherally beyond, or exceed in diameter the main cylindrical or lintermediate body portion of the roll on which they are formed, in order that they may be distinguishable in the drawing. In practice they may project approximately three or four thousandths of an inch peripherally'beyond the adjacent peripheral surface of the main body of the roll, although the distance which they project may be greater or less, as required. The layers or plies of sheet material passing through the space 2 and between the rolls d are of substantially uniform thickness throughout their entire area before being compressed between the rolls, and their longitudinal marginal portions pass between the annular shoulders or relatively large, peripherally projecting rims 3 and the adjacent roll. Said marginal portions of the layers are thus subjected to a greater degree of pressure than the portions of the layers passing between the intermediate or cylindrical main body portions 4 of the rolls. The longitudinal marginal portions of the layers or plies forming the multi-layer sheetare sealed together in an elitcient manner by being thus compressed and subjected to the action of sulicient heat to maintain the adhesive material in a plastic condition during compression. Tlie adhesive material is thus caused to permeate the material of which the layers are formed and the action of the heat tends to quickly dry the adhesive material and the sealed marginal edges of the sheet or layers.

By compressing the layers of sheet material together, with their longitudinal edges not quite flush with each other, or with .the edge (5 of one layer slightly overlapping or extending laterally slightly beyond the adjacent edge 7 of the next adjacent layer or layers, as indicated in Fig. 3, the edge portion 7 or overlapped edge is embedded or partially embedded in the-layer having the projecting or outermost overlapping edge portion (i. The edges are thus very tightly sealed, and leakage of the adhesive material is prevented or reduced to a minimum by the close contact of the overlapping and embedded longitudinal marginal portions or edges thus compressed together and sealed.

I claim:

1. The process of making sealed-edged sheets formed of a plurality of united layers or" sheet material, which consists in introducing adhesive material in plastic condition between the layers to be united, and compressing the layers together and the longitudinal margins of said layers into contact and sealed engagement with each other between the layers-'to .be united, compressing the layers together andembedding the lateral marginal edge of one of said layers in and in sealed contact with the corresponding lateral margin of the other layer on each side of the longitudinal center'of the connected layers and simultaneously subjecting the layers and the adhesive material located between the layers to a degree of heat sufficient to maintain the adhesive material in plastic condition during compression, substantially as described.

3. A sealed-edged sheet, consisting of a plurality of layers of fibrous material, and an intermediate layer of adhesive material between and adhesively uniting said layers of sheet material, said layers of sheet material having sealed longitudinal edge portions which are more compact than theportion of the layers of sheet material located intermediate the sealed edges, said relatively more compact .longitudinal edge portions being in contact and sealed engagement with each other throughout the length of 'the sheet.

4. A sealed-edged sheet consisting of a plurality of layers of iibrous material, and an intermediatelayer of adhesive material between and adapted to adhesively unite the same, said layers of fibrous material comprisinga layer having a side `marginal portion which projects. laterally beyond the corresponding side edge of the next adjacent layer, and said side edge of said last mentioned layer being embedded in and in sealed engagement with the adjacent marginal portion of said first mentioned layer, the sealed-edged portions being more compact than the remaining portions ofthe layers. v

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my invention I aIiX my signature in the;

presence of two witnesses, this 19th day of September, A. D. 1914.-,-

GEORGE H. SMITH.

Witnesses. j I

EUGENE C. CA'FFREY, Cms. M. HACK. 

